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Yang, Qing

Qing Yang

M. Sc.

Visiting scientist
Institute of Smart Sensors

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+49 711 685 60841
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Pfaffenwaldring 47
70569 Stuttgart
Deutschland
Room: 3.134

Publications

Journals, conferences, and books:

2024
1. Q. Yang et al., “A chip-based C-band ODNP platform,” Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol. 358, p. 107603, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107603.
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  @article{Yang_2024, author = {Yang, Qing and Zhao, Jianyu and Dreyer, Frederik and Krüger, Daniel and Chu, Anh and Kern, Michal and Blümich, Bernhard and Anders, Jens}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107603}, issn = {1090-7807}, journal = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance}, month = {01}, pages = 107603, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, title = {A chip-based C-band ODNP platform}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107603}, volume = 358, year = 2024 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107603
2. H. Lotfi et al., “A Four-Channel BiCMOS Transmitter for a Quantum Magnetometer Based on Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 59, Art. no. 5, May 2024, doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2024.3350995.
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  @article{10409187, abstract = {Quantum sensors based on solid-state defects, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, offer very good room-temperature sensitivity, long-term stability, and the potential for calibration-free measurements. However, most quantum sensors still suffer from a bulky size and weight, low energy efficiency, and high costs, prohibiting their widespread use. Here, we present custom-designed chip-integrated microwave (MW) electronics for a miniaturized, low-cost, and highly scalable quantum magnetometer based on NV centers in diamond. The presented electronics include a quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) chip to generate the required local oscillator signal at around 7 GHz with a wide tuning range of 22% and a low phase noise (PN) of −122 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from a 7-GHz carrier for broadband low-noise magnetometry. In addition, the magnetometer electronics comprise a 4-channel transmitter chip, which can provide currents up to 412 mApp into a custom-designed inductor over a wide frequency range from 6.4 to 8 GHz. In combination with a custom-designed coil, manufactured on a glass substrate for optical transparency, which features a large active area of ( $\pi { \times } 180 { \times }180~\mu \text {m}^{2}$ ), this current is sufficient to produce strong MW magnetic fields up to $B_{{1}} = (1/2) \cdot B_{\text {ac}} = 170~{\mu \mathrm {T}}$ , enabling pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) experiments. In proof-of-concept ODMR experiments, the presented chip-based spin control system produces fast Rabi oscillations of 5.49 MHz. The measured dc and ac magnetic field limits of detection (LOD) of the presented magnetometer are 32 nT/Hz $^{\text {1/2}}$ and 300 pT/Hz $^{\text {1/2}}$ , respectively.}, author = {Lotfi, Hadi and Kern, Michal and Yang, Qing and Unden, Thomas and Striegler, Nico and Scharpf, Jochen and Schalberger, Patrick and Stöhr, Rainer and Schwartz, Ilai and Neumann, Philipp and Anders, Jens}, doi = {10.1109/JSSC.2024.3350995}, issn = {1558-173X}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits}, month = {05}, number = 5, pages = {1421-1432}, title = {A Four-Channel BiCMOS Transmitter for a Quantum Magnetometer Based on Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond}, volume = 59, year = 2024 }
3. A. R. Altenhof, Q. Yang, M. Kern, S. G. Newman, J. Anders, and M. W. Malone, “A high-volume resonator for L-band DNP-NMR,” Journal of Magnetic Resonance, p. 107788, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107788.
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  @article{Altenhof_2024, author = {Altenhof, Adam R. and Yang, Qing and Kern, Michal and Newman, Shaun G. and Anders, Jens and Malone, Michael W.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107788}, issn = {1090-7807}, journal = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance}, month = {10}, pages = 107788, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, title = {A high-volume resonator for L-band DNP-NMR}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107788}, year = 2024 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107788
4. Q. Yang, H. Lotfi, F. Dreyer, M. Kern, and J. Anders, “A Miniaturized Chip-based ODNP Platform,” in 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), May 2024, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/ISCAS58744.2024.10558466.
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  @inproceedings{10558466, abstract = {In this paper, we present a miniaturized chip-based Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) platform for enhancing detection sensitivity and, thereby, improving the achievable limit of detection. The presented system uses three custom-designed ASICs for the excitation and the detection of the NMR signal as well as the generation and preamplification of the required microwave (MW) signal. A commercial baredie GaN power amplifier is used in addition to achieve the driving strength of up to 26 dBm at 7 GHz required for the target ODNP application. Moreover, the wide bandwidth of the custom-designed, printed MW Alderman-Grant (AG) resonator allows for an indirect measurement of the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal of the utilized DNP agent without the need for an additional ESR spectrometer. Overall, the presented system achieves an ODNP enhancement factor of 50 with an active volume of 500 nL, the latter number improving the state-of-the-art in chip-based ODNP platforms by a factor of 500×.}, author = {Yang, Qing and Lotfi, Hadi and Dreyer, Frederik and Kern, Michal and Anders, Jens}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)}, doi = {10.1109/ISCAS58744.2024.10558466}, issn = {2158-1525}, month = {05}, pages = {1-5}, title = {A Miniaturized Chip-based ODNP Platform}, year = 2024 }
5. Q. Yang et al., “A miniaturized dual-mode continuous-wave and pulsed pumping ODNP platform,” Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open, vol. 21, p. 100174, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jmro.2024.100174.
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  @article{Yang_2024, author = {Yang, Qing and Lotfi, Hadi and Kern, Michal and Dreyer, Frederik and Jouda, Mazin and Korvink, Jan. G. and Blümich, Bernhard and Anders, Jens}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmro.2024.100174}, issn = {2666-4410}, journal = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open}, month = {12}, pages = 100174, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, title = {A miniaturized dual-mode continuous-wave and pulsed pumping ODNP platform}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2024.100174}, volume = 21, year = 2024 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2024.100174
6. Q. Yang, H. Lotfi, F. Dreyer, M. Kern, B. Blümich, and J. Anders, “A portable chip-based Overhauser DNP platform for biomedical liquid sample analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, pp. 1–13, 2024, doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3521033.
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  @article{10811975, abstract = {Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments are an indispensable tool in industrial research and quality control. However, the intrinsically low spin polarization at low magnetic fields severely limits their detection sensitivity and measurement throughput, preventing their widespread use in biomedical analysis. Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) effectively addresses this problem by transferring the spin polarization from free electrons to protons, significantly enhancing sensitivity. In this paper, we explore the potential of using ODNP for signal enhancement in a custom-designed portable chipbased DNP-enhanced NMR platform, which is centered around a miniaturized microwave (MW) transmitter, a custom-designed NMR-on-a-chip transceiver, and two application-specific ODNP probes. The MW transmitter provides frequency synthesis, signal modulation, and power amplification, providing sufficient output power for efficient polarization transfer. The NMR-on-a-chip transceiver combines a radio frequency (RF) transmitter with a fully differential quadrature receiver, providing pulsed excitation and NMR signal down-conversion and amplification. Two customdesigned ODNP probes are used for proof-of-concept DNPenhanced NMR relaxometry and spectroscopy measurements. The presented chip-based ODNP platform achieves a maximum MW output power of 34dBm, resulting in a signal enhancement of –162 using the relaxometry ODNP probe with 1.4 μL of 10mM non-degassed TEMPOL solution, and an enhancement of –63 with the spectroscopy ODNP probe using 50 nL of the same solution. The proton polarization was increased from 0.5×10–6 to 81×10–6 at a low field of 0.16T. Proof-of-concept measurements on radical-doped tattoo inks and acetic acid verify the potential of our chip-based ODNP platform for the analysis of biologically and medically relevant parameters such as relaxation times, chemical shifts, and hyperfine interactions.}, author = {Yang, Qing and Lotfi, Hadi and Dreyer, Frederik and Kern, Michal and Blümich, Bernhard and Anders, Jens}, doi = {10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3521033}, issn = {1940-9990}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems}, pages = {1-13}, title = {A portable chip-based Overhauser DNP platform for biomedical liquid sample analysis}, year = 2024 }
2023
1. J. Zhao, Q. Yang, F. Dreyer, D. Krüger, F. Jelezko, and J. Anders, “A Broadband NMR Magnetometer System With Field Searching and Automatic Tuning Function,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 72, pp. 1–10, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TIM.2022.3222484.
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  @article{9953151, abstract = {In this article, we present a CMOS-based broadband nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetometer system with magnetic field searching and automatic tuning capabilities. The NMR front-end consists of a custom-designed NMR transceiver application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and an external $LC$ resonance circuit formed by an NMR coil and a digitally tunable capacitor (DTC). With a 1-mm NMR coil, the system is designed to measure the magnetic fields between 0.54 and 2.54 T with nanotesla resolution. To this end, the system automatically sweeps its excitation frequency to acquire an NMR signal from a known sample inside the NMR coil. The measured frequency of the NMR signal, together with the known Larmor frequency of the sample, can then be used to determine the unknown magnetic field with very high precision. The presented system provides an optimum sensitivity over its entire frequency range by automatically tuning the $LC$ resonant circuit to the current Larmor frequency using the DTC. With a 0.78- $\mu \text{L}$ sample of vegetable oil, the presented NMR magnetometer achieves an excellent field resolution of 1.77 nT inside a 1.45-T benchtop MR magnet, corresponding to a relative resolution of 1.2 ppb, which is limited by the field stability of the magnet. With its intrinsic frequency noise of 15 mHz, measured using a synthetic input signal, the presented sensor can support magnetic field resolutions down to 242 pT within a 1.45-T base field.}, author = {Zhao, Jianyu and Yang, Qing and Dreyer, Frederik and Krüger, Daniel and Jelezko, Fedor and Anders, Jens}, doi = {10.1109/TIM.2022.3222484}, issn = {1557-9662}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, pages = {1-10}, title = {A Broadband NMR Magnetometer System With Field Searching and Automatic Tuning Function}, volume = 72, year = 2023 }
2. F. Dreyer, Q. Yang, B. Alnajjar, D. Krüger, B. Blümich, and J. Anders, “A Portable Chip-Based NMR Relaxometry System With Arbitrary Phase Control for Point-of-Care Blood Analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 17, Art. no. 4, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2023.3287281.
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  @article{10155209, abstract = {In this article, we present a portable NMR relaxometry system optimized for the point-of-care analysis of body liquids such as blood. The presented system is centered on an NMR-on-a-chip transceiver ASIC, a reference frequency generator with arbitrary phase control, and a custom-designed miniaturized NMR magnet with a field strength of 0.29 T and a total weight of 330 g. The NMR-ASIC co-integrates a low-IF receiver, a power amplifier, and a PLL-based frequency synthesizer on a total chip area of 1100 $\boldsymbol{\times }$ 900 $\mu$m$\boldsymbol{^{2}}$. The arbitrary reference frequency generator enables the use of conventional CPMG and inversion sequences, as well as modified water-suppression sequences. Moreover, it is used to implement an automatic frequency lock to correct temperature-induced magnetic field drifts. Proof-of-concept measurements on NMR phantoms and human blood samples show an excellent concentration sensitivity of v$\boldsymbol{_\text{c,min}}$ = 2.2 mM/$\boldsymbol{\sqrt{\text{Hz}}}$. This very good performance renders the presented system an ideal candidate for the future NMR-based point-of-care detection of biomarkers such as the blood glucose concentration.}, author = {Dreyer, Frederik and Yang, Qing and Alnajjar, Belal and Krüger, Daniel and Blümich, Bernhard and Anders, Jens}, doi = {10.1109/TBCAS.2023.3287281}, issn = {1940-9990}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems}, month = {08}, number = 4, pages = {831-842}, title = {A Portable Chip-Based NMR Relaxometry System With Arbitrary Phase Control for Point-of-Care Blood Analysis}, volume = 17, year = 2023 }
2022
1. F. Dreyer, Q. Yang, D. Krüger, and J. Anders, “A chip-based NMR relaxometry system for point-of-care analysis,” in 2022 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), Oct. 2022, pp. 183–187. doi: 10.1109/BioCAS54905.2022.9948623.
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  @inproceedings{9948623, abstract = {In this paper, we present a miniaturized NMR relaxometry system for the point-of-care analysis of body liquids, centered on an NMR-on-a-chip transceiver ASIC and a DDS-based reference frequency generator. The NMR ASIC is fabricated in a 0.13-µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. It co-integrates a low-IF receiver, a power amplifier, and a phase-locked loop on a small footprint of 1100 × 900 µm2. The presented system provides an excellent low-field concentration sensitivity of ${v_{{\text{c}},\min }} = 5.4{\text{mM}}/\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} .$ The reference frequency generator provides an output signal with arbitrarily adjustable phase, enabling classical CPMG experiments as well as its modern adaptations. The system also includes an automatic frequency lock to prevent temperature-induced frequency drifts. Proof-of-concept NMR measurements on reference and biomedical samples demonstrate the excellent performance of the presented system as well as its applicability for future point-of-care analysis.}, author = {Dreyer, Frederik and Yang, Qing and Krüger, Daniel and Anders, Jens}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)}, doi = {10.1109/BioCAS54905.2022.9948623}, issn = {2163-4025}, month = {10}, pages = {183-187}, title = {A chip-based NMR relaxometry system for point-of-care analysis}, year = 2022 }
2. Q. Yang, J. Zhao, F. Dreyer, D. Krüger, and J. Anders, “A portable NMR platform with arbitrary phase control and temperature compensation,” Magnetic Resonance, vol. 3, Art. no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.5194/mr-3-77-2022.
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  @article{mr-3-77-2022, author = {Yang, Q. and Zhao, J. and Dreyer, F. and Kr\"uger, D. and Anders, J.}, doi = {10.5194/mr-3-77-2022}, journal = {Magnetic Resonance}, number = 1, pages = {77--90}, title = {A portable NMR platform with arbitrary phase control and temperature compensation}, url = {https://mr.copernicus.org/articles/3/77/2022/}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://mr.copernicus.org/articles/3/77/2022/

Qing Yang

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2024

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